![]() The SA node, dictating the rhythm of heart contractions, is in turn controlled by the complex interactions between different regulatory systems and mechanical activities such as respiration. Heartbeats are initiated by the impulse generated from the sinoatrial (SA) node-a bundle of specialized cells in the heart. The physiological mechanism underlying HRV exemplifies the tight, yet complex coupling between the brain and the body. Thus, reduced heart rate variability (HRV) has not only been associated with poor cardiovascular health outcomes and a range of vascular diseases, but also with different mental disorders and cognitive impairments. Heart Rate Variability for Psychologists: A Review of HRV Metrics and an Analysis TutorialĪ complex and constantly changing heart rate (HR) is an indicator of healthy regulatory systems that can effectively adapt to sudden environmental and psychological challenges. In addition, we also provide a step-by-step guide on how to perform HRV analysis using an integrative neurophysiological toolkit, NeuroKit2.ġ. This paper addresses this gap and aims to provide an overview of the most up-to-date and commonly used HRV indices, as well as common research areas in which these indices have proven to be very useful, particularly in psychology. ![]() To maximize the impact of HRV-related research and its reproducibility, parallel advances in users’ understanding of the indices and the standardization of analysis pipelines in its utility will be crucial. Thus, this poses a challenge to users who may not have the adequate background knowledge to obtain the HRV indices reliably. ![]() Despite the wide use of electrocardiograms (ECG) in research and advancements in sensor technology, the analytical approach and steps applied to obtain HRV measures can be seen as complex. The use of heart rate variability (HRV) in research has been greatly popularized over the past decades due to the ease and affordability of HRV collection, coupled with its clinical relevance and significant relationships with psychophysiological constructs and psychopathological disorders.
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